Thaum peb tham txog kev tsav dav hlau, tej zaum yuav yog cov foob pob hluav taws muaj zog, cov dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua uas ya mus saum ntuj, lossis cov neeg caij dav hlau taug kev mus rau saum ntuj. Tab sis tej zaum koj yuav tsis paub tias tom qab cov khoom siv tshiab no, ib qho hmoov xim av me me ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb -xim av fused aluminahmoov me me. Lub npe yuav zoo li tsis tseem ceeb, tab sis tsis txhob saib tsis taus nws. Xim av fused alumina yog ib hom uas peb feem ntau hu ua "emery," nrog qhov nyuaj thib ob tsuas yog pob zeb diamond, tab sis ntawm tus nqi pheej yig dua. Xyoo dhau los, nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib tsoo hlau ntawm cov log sib tsoo thiab ntawv xuab zeb, ua haujlwm ua tus nees ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam. Tab sis cov khoom siv yooj yim thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam no tam sim no ua rau muaj kev pab cuam zoo kawg nkaus ntawm theem "high-tech" ntawm aerospace.
Kev Hloov Pauv Zoo Kawg Nkaus Los Ntawm "Grindstone" Mus Rau "Protective Shield"
Cov khoom siv dav hlau (aerospace) muab qhov tseem ceeb rau "qhov sib dua" thiab "lub zog." Tis yuav tsum sib dua kom ya tau siab dua thiab deb dua; lub fuselage yuav tsum muaj zog kom tiv taus qhov txias heev ntawm qhov siab, qhov sib txhuam hnyav thaum tawg lub suab nrov, thiab qhov kub thiab txias hauv lub cav. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev xav tau ntau ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov no yog qhov uasxim av fused alumina micro-hmoovlos txog. Cov kws ua haujlwm tau pom tias los ntawm kev siv cov thev naus laus zis txau ceev ceev los "txias vuam" cov hmoov me me no rau ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li cov hniav turbine thiab phab ntsa combustion chamber, lawv tuaj yeem tsim "ceramic armor" uas nyias dua li tus ntiv tes tab sis muaj zog heev. Txawm hais tias nws nyias, cov txheej tiv thaiv no ua rau lub neej ntawm cov hniav ntev dua ntau zaus nyob rau hauv 1600-degree Celsius kub-kub roj. "Nws zoo li muab lub plawv ntawm lub cav ib lub 'lub tsho tiv thaiv mos txwv'," ib tug kws ua haujlwm qub uas tau ua haujlwm hauv lub Hoobkas cav rau nees nkaum xyoo piav qhia. "Yav dhau los, cov hniav yuav tsum tau hloov tom qab ib lub sijhawm siv, tab sis tam sim no lawv tuaj yeem kav ntev dua, ua kom zoo dua qhov kev ntseeg siab thiab kev lag luam ntawm lub dav hlau."
Cov Kev Siv Tau Txhua Qhov Chaw, Los Ntawm Saum Ntuj Mus Rau Hauv Av
Lub peev xwm ntawm cov hmoov av alumina fused xim av txuas ntxiv mus deb tshaj qhov tsuas yog lub cav xwb.
Cia peb pib nrog cov dav hlau. Cov dav hlau niaj hnub no thiab cov dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, xws li carbon fiber. Cov khoom no yog ob qho tib si sib dua thiab muaj zog, tab sis nws muaj qhov tsis zoo: cov chaw uas cov khoom sib txawv sib txuas ua ke yuav yooj yim tawg. Kev daws teeb meem? Ua ntej sib txuas, cov nplaim sib koom ua ke raug "ua kom ntxhib" siv cov tshuaj tsuag cua siab uas muaj cov hmoov av alumina xim av fused micro-hmoov. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom ntxhib xwb; nws tsim ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm qib microscopic, ua rau cov nplaum "tuav" ruaj khov dua. Kev kho mob no txhim kho qhov kev tiv taus qaug zog ntawm kev sib txuas tis ntawm lub dav hlau mus rau lub cev dav hlau ntau dua 30%.
Tam sim no xav txog kev siv tshuab aerospace. Thaum cov foob pob hluav taws hla huab cua, lub qhov ntswg thiab cov npoo ntawm tis raug kev sim siab ntawm "kev puas tsuaj loj heev." Ntawm no, cov hmoov alumina xim av fused ua pov thawj nws qhov tseem ceeb hauv lwm txoj kev - nws siv ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv oxidation. Ntxiv nws rau cov txheej txheem ceramic tshwj xeeb thiab txau nws rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom tiv taus cua sov, zaj duab xis no tsim cov txheej oxide ntom ntom ntawm qhov kub siab, zoo thaiv cov pa oxygen nkag mus thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom sab hauv los ntawm kev rho tawm. Yog tsis muaj nws, ntau lub dav hlau rov qab nkag mus rau hauv huab cua yuav "tsis paub."
Nws qhov muaj nyob txawm tias pom tau ntawm cov satellites thiab chaw nres tsheb hauv nruab ntug. Cov bearings thiab cov khoom txav mus los ntawm qee cov cuab yeej precision yuav tsum tau tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntev hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev thiab qhov kub qis heev ntawm qhov chaw. Cov bearings ceramic finely polished nrog xim av fused alumina micro-hmoov muaj qhov sib txhuam qis heev thiab tsim yuav luag tsis muaj cov khib nyiab hnav, ua qhov "kev lees paub" uas lav qhov kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom no rau kaum lossis nees nkaum xyoo hauv orbit.
"Khoom Siv Qub" Ntsib Cov Kev Cov nyom ntawm "Kev Txawj Ntse Tshiab"
Tau kawg, siv cov "khoom qub" no hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm kev tsav dav hlau tsis yooj yim li tsuas yog coj cov khoom siv abrasives los ntawm lub hoobkas. Muaj ntau yam nyuaj heev.
Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog "kev huv si" thiab "kev sib npaug." Cov hmoov alumina fused xim av uas xav tau raukev siv dav hlauyuav tsum huv heev, yuav luag tsis muaj cov khoom tsis huv, vim tias txhua yam khoom tsis xav tau yuav ua rau muaj kab nrib pleb thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab lossis kub heev. Ntxiv mus, qhov loj me thiab cov duab ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum sib xws heev; txwv tsis pub, cov txheej yuav muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog. "Qhov no zoo li ua ib lub ncuav mog qab zib zoo tshaj plaws; tsis yog koj xav tau cov khoom xyaw zoo tshaj plaws xwb, tab sis cov hmoov nplej yuav tsum tau sib xyaw kom zoo thiab sib npaug," tus kws ua haujlwm tswj xyuas cov khoom siv hais. "Peb cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas thiab kev ntxuav huv yog qhov nruj dua li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm chav ua noj hauv tsev so tsib lub hnub qub."
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, yuav ua li cas "siv" cov hmoov no rau ntawm cov khoom kuj yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb nyuaj heev. Cov thev naus laus zis siab tshaj plaws tam sim no yog kev txau nplaim taws supersonic, uas tso cai rau cov hmoov me me cuam tshuam rau lub substrate ntawm ntau zaus qhov ceev ntawm lub suab, ua rau muaj kev sib txuas zoo dua thiab txheej txheej tuab dua.
Yav tom ntej ntawm lub ntuj xav tau hom "lub zog" no.
Thaum thev naus laus zis aerospace nce mus rau qhov siab dua, sai dua, thiab deb dua, qhov kev thov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsuas yog ua kom nruj dua. Lub dav hlau hypersonic, lub dav hlau siv tau dua, cov chaw soj ntsuam tob tob ... cov hnub qub yav tom ntej no txhua tus vam khom kev tiv thaiv hnyav.
Kev loj hlob ntawmxim av corundum micropowderkuj tseem tab tom txav mus rau qhov kev coj ua ntse dua thiab sib xyaw ua ke. Piv txwv li, cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom sim "dope" nws nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus, lossis muab nws sib xyaw nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab xws li graphene. Lub hom phiaj tsis yog tsuas yog tiv taus qhov kub siab xwb, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm los hnov qhov puas tsuaj thiab txawm tias kho tus kheej ntawm qee qhov kub. Cov tiam tom ntej ntawm aero-engines thiab spaceplane thermal protection systems yuav siv hom "ntse" reinforced coating no.
Zaj dab neeg ntawm cov hmoov av corundum xim av yog ib qho me me ntawm ntau cov khoom siv hauv Suav teb: yug los ntawm keeb kwm txo hwj chim, tab sis nrhiav tau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb los ntawm kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis tas mus li. Nws yuav tsis ci ntsa iab li titanium alloys, thiab tsis zoo nkauj li carbon fiber, tab sis nws yog qhov ntsiag to, tom qab "lub zog" uas txhawb nqa tib neeg txoj kev npau suav ntawm kev ya, tawg los ntawm lub ntuj thiab ya mus rau qhov deb ntawm qhov chaw tob.
Thaum peb ntsia saum ntuj uas muaj hnub qub thiab zoo siab rau txhua qhov kev tso tawm uas ua tiav, tej zaum peb yuav nco ntsoov tias hauv qab lub teeb ci ntsa iab ntawd, muaj ntau yam me me, ruaj khov xim av uas ci ntsa iab ntsiag to.