Ob peb hnub dhau los, kuv tau tham nrog ib tug phooj ywg thaum haus tshuaj yej, thiab nws hais tso dag tias, "Cov alumina uas nej tab tom tshawb nrhiav txhua lub sijhawm, puas yog nws tsuas yog cov khoom siv raw rau cov khob ceramic thiab ntawv xuab zeb xwb?" Qhov no ua rau kuv hais tsis tau lus. Tseeb tiag, nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm cov neeg ib txwm,alumina hmoovtsuas yog ib yam khoom siv hauv kev lag luam xwb, tab sis hauv peb lub voj voog biomedical engineering, nws yog ib qho "multitasker zais cia." Niaj hnub no, cia peb tham txog seb cov hmoov dawb zoo li qub no tau nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog lub neej li cas.
I. Pib ntawm Lub Tsev Kho Mob Pob Qij Txha
Qhov ua rau kuv xav tsis thoob tshaj plaws yog lub rooj sib tham txog pob txha uas kuv tau mus koom xyoo tas los. Ib tug xib fwb laus tau nthuav tawm kaum tsib xyoos ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rov qab los ntawm kev hloov pauv pob qij txha alumina ceramic - nrog rau tus nqi ciaj sia tshaj 95%, uas ua rau txhua tus kws kho mob hluas xav tsis thoob. Vim li cas ho xaiv alumina? Muaj ntau yam kev tshawb fawb tom qab nws. Ua ntej, nws qhov nyuaj yog siab txaus, thiab nws qhov kev tiv thaiv hnav yog muaj zog dua li cov khoom siv hlau ib txwm muaj. Peb cov pob qij txha tib neeg raug kev sib txhuam ntau txhiab zaus txhua hnub. Cov khoom siv hlau-rau-yas ib txwm muaj yuav tsim cov khib nyiab hnav dhau sijhawm, ua rau o thiab pob txha rov qab los. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi hnav ntawm alumina ceramics tsuas yog ib feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj, ib daim duab hloov pauv hauv kev kho mob.
Zoo dua yog nws qhov biocompatibility. Peb lub chaw kuaj mob tau ua qhov kev sim kab lis kev cai ntawm tes thiab pom tias osteoblasts txuas thiab loj hlob zoo dua ntawm qhov chaw ntawm alumina dua li ntawm qee qhov chaw hlau. Qhov no piav qhia vim li cas, hauv kev kho mob, alumina prostheses sib txuas nrog pob txha. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsis yog ib qhoalumina hmoovsiv tau. Alumina kho mob qib xav tau qhov huv ntawm ntau tshaj 99.9%, nrog rau qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua ke tswj tau ntawm qib micron, thiab nws yuav tsum dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem sintering tshwj xeeb. Nws zoo li ua noj ua haus - ntsev ib txwm thiab ntsev hiav txwv tuaj yeem ua rau zaub mov qab, tab sis cov khw noj mov siab xaiv ntsev los ntawm cov hauv paus chiv keeb tshwj xeeb.
II. Tus "Tus Saib Xyuas Tsis Pom" hauv Kev Kho Hniav
Yog tias koj tau mus rau lub tsev kho hniav niaj hnub no, tej zaum koj twb tau ntsib alumina lawm. Ntau lub kaus mom uas yog cov khoom siv ceramic nrov yog ua los ntawm alumina ceramic hmoov. Cov kaus mom hlau-ceramic ib txwm muaj ob qhov teeb meem: thawj zaug, cov hlau cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo nkauj, thiab cov kab ntawm cov pos hniav feem ntau tig xiav; qhov thib ob, qee tus neeg ua xua rau hlau. Alumina all-ceramic crowns daws cov teeb meem no. Nws qhov kev pom tseeb zoo ib yam li cov hniav ntuj, thiab cov kev kho dua tshiab yog ntuj heev uas txawm tias cov kws kho hniav yuav tsum saib ze kom paub qhov txawv. Ib tug kws kho hniav laus uas kuv paub siv ib qho piv txwv zoo heev: "Alumina ceramic hmoov zoo li hmoov nplej - nws yooj yim hloov pauv thiab tuaj yeem ua pwm rau ntau yam duab; tab sis tom qab sintering, nws nyuaj li pob zeb, muaj zog txaus kom tawg walnuts (txawm hais tias peb tsis pom zoo kom ua qhov ntawd tiag tiag)." Txawm tias nrov dua hauv xyoo tas los no yog 3D-printed alumina crowns. Los ntawm kev luam theej duab digital thiab tsim, lawv tau luam tawm ncaj qha siv alumina slurry, ua tiav qhov tseeb ntawm kaum tawm micrometers. Cov neeg mob tuaj yeem tuaj thaum sawv ntxov thiab tawm mus nrog lawv cov kaus mom thaum yav tsaus ntuj - ib yam dab tsi uas tsis xav txog kaum xyoo dhau los.
III. "Kev Taw Qhia Kom Tseeb" hauv Cov Txheej Txheem Xa Tshuaj
Kev tshawb fawb hauv daim teb no yog qhov nthuav tshwj xeeb. Vim tias alumina hmoov muaj ntau qhov chaw nquag ntawm nws qhov chaw, nws tuaj yeem nqus cov tshuaj molecules zoo li lub hlau nplaum thiab tom qab ntawd tso lawv maj mam. Peb pab neeg tau ua kev sim siv cov porous alumina microspheres uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav. Qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm qhov chaw mob qog noj ntshav yog 3-5 npaug ntau dua li cov txheej txheem xa tshuaj ib txwm muaj, thaum cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv lub cev tau txo qis heev. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tsis nyuaj rau nkag siab: los ntawm kev uaalumina hmoovr rau hauv cov khoom me me lossis me me thiab hloov kho qhov chaw, nws tuaj yeem txuas nrog kev tsom mus rau cov tshuaj molecules, zoo li muab cov tshuaj "GPS navigation" system mus ncaj qha rau qhov chaw mob. Ntxiv mus, alumina thaum kawg decomposes rau hauv aluminium ions hauv lub cev, uas lub cev tuaj yeem metabolized ntawm cov koob tshuaj ib txwm thiab yuav tsis sau ntev. Ib tug npoj yaig uas kawm txog kev kho mob rau mob qog noj ntshav siab tau hais rau kuv tias lawv siv alumina nanoparticles los xa cov tshuaj chemotherapy, ua rau tus nqi tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav nce ntxiv 40% hauv tus qauv nas. "Qhov tseem ceeb yog tswj qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me; 100-200 nanometers yog qhov zoo tagnrho - me dhau thiab lawv yooj yim tshem tawm los ntawm lub raum, loj dhau thiab lawv tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg qog noj ntshav. " Hom kev nthuav dav no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb.
IV. "Cov Kev Ntsuas Rhiab" hauv Biosensors
Alumina kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov. Nws qhov chaw tuaj yeem hloov kho tau yooj yim nrog ntau yam biomolecules, xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov enzymes, thiab DNA probes, los tsim cov biosensors rhiab heev. Piv txwv li, qee cov ntsuas ntshav qab zib tam sim no siv cov chips sensor uas ua los ntawm alumina. Cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav teb nrog cov enzymes ntawm lub chip los tsim cov teeb liab hluav taws xob, thiab txheej alumina ua kom cov teeb liab no loj dua, ua rau kev kuaj pom tseeb dua. Cov txheej txheem kuaj ib txwm muaj qhov yuam kev 15%, thaum cov sensors alumina tuaj yeem khaws qhov yuam kev hauv 5%, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib. Txawm tias qhov txiav tshiab dua yog cov sensors uas ntes cov cim qhia txog mob qog noj ntshav. Xyoo tas los, ib tsab xov xwm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm *Biomaterials* tau qhia tias kev siv alumina nanowire arrays los ntes cov antigen tshwj xeeb ntawm prostate ua rau muaj kev rhiab heev ob qho kev txiav txim siab siab dua li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, txhais tau tias nws yuav ua tau los ntes cov cim ntawm mob qog noj ntshav ntawm theem ntxov dua.
V. "Kev Txhawb Nqa Scaffolding" hauv Kev Tsim Khoom Siv Nqaij
Kev tsim cov ntaub so ntswg yog ib qho teeb meem kub hauv biomedicine. Hais yooj yim, nws cuam tshuam nrog kev cog cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj sia nyob hauv vitro thiab tom qab ntawd hloov nws mus rau hauv lub cev. Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog cov khoom siv scaffold - nws yuav tsum muab kev txhawb nqa rau cov cell yam tsis ua rau muaj kev phiv tshuaj lom. Cov scaffolds alumina uas muaj qhov porous tau pom lawv qhov chaw nyob ntawm no. Los ntawm kev tswj cov txheej txheem, nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov qauv zoo li alumina nrog qhov porosity tshaj 80%, nrog rau qhov loj me me rau cov cell kom loj hlob mus rau hauv, tso cai rau cov as-ham kom ntws tau yooj yim. Peb lub chaw kuaj mob tau sim siv alumina scaffolds los cog cov ntaub so ntswg pob txha, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo tsis tau xav txog. Osteoblasts tsis yog tsuas yog muaj sia nyob zoo tab sis kuj tso tawm ntau cov pob txha matrix. Kev tshuaj xyuas qhia tau hais tias qhov roughness me ntsis ntawm qhov chaw alumina tau txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm ntawm cell, uas yog qhov xav tsis thoob zoo siab.
VI. Tej Yam Uas Yuav Tau Ua Thiab Tej Yam Uas Yuav Tau Ua
Tau kawg, daim ntawv thov ntawmaluminaHauv kev kho mob tsis yog tsis muaj nws cov teeb meem. Ua ntej, muaj qhov teeb meem nqi; cov txheej txheem npaj rau alumina kho mob-qib yog qhov nyuaj, ua rau nws kim dua li alumina kev lag luam-qib ntau dua li. Qhov thib ob, cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb mus sij hawm ntev tseem raug khaws cia. Txawm hais tias qhov kev cia siab tam sim no zoo siab, kev tshawb fawb nruj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas mus li. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov teebmeem ntawm nano-alumina xav tau kev tshawb fawb tob ntxiv. Nanomaterials muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb, thiab seb cov no puas muaj txiaj ntsig lossis ua rau puas tsuaj nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev cia siab yog qhov ci ntsa iab. Qee pab pawg tam sim no tab tom tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv alumina ntse - piv txwv li, cov neeg nqa khoom uas tso cov tshuaj tsuas yog ntawm cov nqi pH tshwj xeeb lossis nyob rau hauv kev ua ntawm cov enzymes, lossis cov ntaub ntawv kho pob txha uas tso cov yam ntxwv loj hlob los teb rau kev hloov pauv kev ntxhov siab. Kev tawg ua tej yam hauv cov cheeb tsam no yuav hloov pauv txoj kev kho mob.
Tom qab hnov txhua yam no, kuv tus phooj ywg hais tias, "Kuv yeej tsis tau xav tias muaj ntau yam rau cov hmoov dawb no." Tseeb tiag, qhov zoo nkauj ntawm kev tshawb fawb feem ntau zais rau hauv qhov qub. Kev taug kev ntawm hmoov alumina los ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam mus rau chav ua haujlwm thiab chaw soj nstuam qhia txog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm ntau yam kev kawm. Cov kws tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv, cov kws kho mob, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb txog tsiaj txhu tab tom ua haujlwm ua ke los ua pa tshiab rau hauv cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj. Qhov kev koom tes ntawm ntau yam kev kawm no yog qhov tseeb uas tsav kev vam meej hauv kev kho mob niaj hnub no.
Yog li ntawd, lub sijhawm tom ntej koj pom ib qhotxhuas oxide khoom, xav txog qhov no: nws yuav tsis yog ib lub tais ceramic lossis lub log sib tsoo xwb; nws tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej zoo dua qub, hauv chav kuaj mob lossis tsev kho mob qhov twg. Kev nce qib hauv kev kho mob feem ntau tshwm sim li no: tsis yog los ntawm kev tshawb pom zoo kawg nkaus, tab sis feem ntau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li txhuas oxide, maj mam nrhiav cov ntawv thov tshiab thiab daws cov teeb meem ua haujlwm ntsiag to. Qhov peb yuav tsum ua yog tswj kev xav paub thiab lub siab qhib, thiab tshawb pom cov peev xwm tshwj xeeb hauv qhov ib txwm muaj.