Kev tshawb pom txog hmoov alumina hauv cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm 3D
Taug kev mus rau hauv chav kuaj mob ntawm Northwestern Polytechnical University, ib qho kev kho kom zoo nkauj los ntawm lub teebLub tshuab luam ntawv 3D tab tom humming me ntsis, thiab lub teeb laser txav mus rau hauv cov av nplaum ceramic. Tsuas yog ob peb teev tom qab, lub hauv paus ceramic nrog cov qauv nyuaj zoo li lub maze tau nthuav tawm tag nrho - nws yuav raug siv los ua cov hniav turbine ntawm cov cav dav hlau. Xibfwb Su Haijun, uas yog tus saib xyuas qhov project, taw tes rau qhov khoom me me thiab hais tias: "Peb xyoos dhau los, peb tsis kam xav txog qhov tseeb zoo li no. Qhov kev tawg tseem ceeb tau zais rau hauv cov hmoov alumina uas tsis pom tseeb no."
Ib zaug dhau los, alumina ceramics zoo li "tus tub ntxhais kawm teeb meem" hauv thaj chaw ntawmKev luam ntawv 3D- muaj zog heev, tiv taus kub heev, rwb thaiv tsev zoo, tab sis thaum luam tawm lawm, nws muaj ntau yam teeb meem. Raws li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, hmoov alumina tsis muaj zog thiab feem ntau thaiv lub taub hau luam tawm; tus nqi shrinkage thaum lub sijhawm sintering tuaj yeem siab txog 15% -20%, thiab cov khoom uas tau luam tawm nrog kev siv zog loj yuav deform thiab tawg sai li sai tau thaum lawv hlawv; cov qauv nyuaj? Nws yog qhov khoom kim heev dua. Cov kws ua haujlwm muaj teeb meem: "Qhov no zoo li tus kws kos duab tawv ncauj, nrog cov tswv yim qus tab sis tsis muaj tes txaus."
1. Cov qauv Lavxias: Muab "ceramic armor" rau ntawmtxhuaslub matrix
Lub sijhawm tig thawj zaug yog los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsim khoom siv. Xyoo 2020, cov kws tshawb fawb txog khoom siv los ntawm National University of Science and Technology (NUST MISIS) ntawm Russia tau tshaj tawm txog kev siv tshuab tshiab. Es tsis txhob sib tov hmoov txhuas oxide xwb, lawv muab hmoov txhuas uas muaj purity siab rau hauv lub autoclave thiab siv hydrothermal oxidation los "loj hlob" ib txheej ntawm zaj duab xis txhuas oxide nrog qhov tuab uas tswj tau meej ntawm qhov chaw ntawm txhua lub txhuas me me, ib yam li muab ib txheej ntawm nano-level armor rau ntawm lub pob txhuas. Cov hmoov "core-shell structure" no qhia txog kev ua tau zoo heev thaum lub sijhawm laser 3D printing (SLM technology): qhov nyuaj yog 40% siab dua li cov khoom txhuas ntshiab, thiab qhov kub thiab txias ruaj khov tau zoo dua, ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm aviation.
Xibfwb Alexander Gromov, tus thawj coj ntawm qhov project, tau hais ib qho piv txwv zoo kawg li: "Yav dhau los, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke zoo li zaub xam lav - txhua tus yog tus saib xyuas nws tus kheej txoj kev lag luam; peb cov hmoov zoo li sandwiches - txhuas thiab alumina tom ib txheej dhau ib txheej, thiab tsis muaj ib qho twg ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj lwm yam." Qhov kev sib txuas zoo no tso cai rau cov khoom siv los qhia nws cov txuj ci hauv cov khoom siv cav dav hlau thiab cov thav duab lub cev sib zog heev, thiab txawm tias pib sib tw nrog thaj chaw ntawm titanium alloys.
2. Kev txawj ntse Suav: lub khawv koob ntawm "kev teeb tsa" cov khoom siv av nplaum
Qhov mob loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev luam ntawv alumina ceramic yog sintering shrinkage - xav txog tias koj ua tib zoo kneaded ib daim duab av nplaum, thiab nws shrink mus rau qhov loj ntawm qos yaj ywm sai li sai tau thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv qhov cub. Nws yuav collapse ntau npaum li cas? Thaum ntxov xyoo 2024, cov txiaj ntsig luam tawm los ntawm Professor Su Haijun pab pawg ntawm Northwestern Polytechnical University hauv Journal of Materials Science & Technology tau pib ua lag luam: lawv tau txais ze li xoom-shrinkage alumina ceramic core nrog tus nqi shrinkage ntawm tsuas yog 0.3%.
Qhov zais cia yog ntxivhmoov txhuasrau alumina thiab tom qab ntawd ua si qhov tseeb "khawv koob huab cua".
Ntxiv cov hmoov txhuas: Sib tov 15% ntawm cov hmoov txhuas zoo rau hauv cov slurry ceramic
Tswj huab cua: Siv cov roj argon tiv thaiv thaum pib sintering kom tiv thaiv cov hmoov txhuas los ntawm oxidizing
Kev hloov pauv ntse: Thaum qhov kub nce mus txog 1400 ° C, hloov pauv huab cua mus rau huab cua tam sim ntawd
Kev oxidation hauv qhov chaw: Cov hmoov txhuas tam sim ntawd yaj rau hauv cov tee dej thiab oxidizes rau txhuas oxide, thiab qhov ntim nthuav dav offsets contraction
3. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas: hmoov txhuas hloov mus ua "kua nplaum uas tsis pom"
Thaum cov pab pawg Lavxias thiab Suav tab tom ua haujlwm hnyav rau kev hloov pauv hmoov, lwm txoj hauv kev thev naus laus zis tau maj mam loj hlob - siv hmoov txhuas ua cov khoom sib txuas. Cov khoom siv av nplaum ib txwm muajKev luam ntawv 3DCov khoom siv khi feem ntau yog cov organic resins, uas yuav tawm hauv qhov chaw thaum hlawv thaum lub sijhawm tshem roj. Ib pab neeg hauv tsev xyoo 2023 daim ntawv pov thawj siv txoj hauv kev sib txawv: ua hmoov txhuas rau hauv cov khoom siv khi dej47.
Thaum lub sijhawm luam ntawv, lub nozzle txau cov "kua nplaum" uas muaj 50-70% hmoov txhuas rau ntawm cov txheej hmoov txhuas oxide. Thaum nws los txog rau theem degreasing, lub tshuab nqus tsev raug rub thiab cov pa oxygen raug dhau los, thiab cov hmoov txhuas raug oxidized rau txhuas oxide ntawm 200-800 ° C. Lub yam ntxwv ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm ntau dua 20% tso cai rau nws kom sau cov qhov hws thiab txo qhov nrawm ntawm qhov ntsws kom tsawg dua 5%. "Nws zoo ib yam li kev rhuav tshem cov scaffolding thiab tsim phab ntsa tshiab tib lub sijhawm, sau koj cov qhov!" ib tug engineer piav qhia nws li no.
4. Kev kos duab ntawm cov khoom me me: qhov yeej ntawm cov hmoov kheej kheej
Qhov "tsos" ntawm alumina hmoov tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv sai sai - qhov tsos no hais txog cov duab ntawm cov khoom me me. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv phau ntawv xov xwm "Open Ceramics" xyoo 2024 piv rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hmoov alumina kheej kheej thiab tsis xwm yeem hauv kev luam ntawv fused deposition (CF³) 5:
Hmoov kheej kheej: ntws zoo li xuab zeb zoo, qhov puv ntau tshaj 60%, thiab luam ntawv du thiab silky
Hmoov tsis sib xws: daig zoo li qab zib ntxhib, qhov viscosity yog 40 npaug siab dua, thiab lub nozzle raug thaiv kom tsis ntseeg lub neej
Zoo dua, qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom luam tawm los ntawm cov hmoov kheej kheej yooj yim tshaj 89% tom qab sintering, thiab qhov tiav ntawm qhov chaw ncaj qha ua tau raws li tus qauv. "Leej twg tseem siv cov hmoov" qias neeg "tam sim no? Kev npliag yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua!" Ib tug kws kho tshuab luag nyav thiab xaus lus5.
Yav Tom Ntej: Cov Hnub Qub thiab Dej Hiav Txwv nyob ua ke nrog cov me me thiab zoo nkauj
Lub 3D printing revolution ntawm alumina hmoov tseem tsis tau xaus. Kev lag luam tub rog tau ua tus thawj coj hauv kev siv ze li ntawm xoom shrinkage cores los tsim turbofan blades; lub teb biomedical tau coj mus rau nws cov biocompatibility thiab pib luam tawm cov pob txha implants; kev lag luam electronics tau tsom mus rau cov khoom siv cua sov dissipation - tom qab tag nrho, qhov thermal conductivity thiab non-electrical conductivity ntawm alumina yog invalid.