Kev txhuam hniav yog ib qho txheej txheem ua tiav qhov tseeb siv hauv kev sib tsoo thev naus laus zis los txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qhov tshuab. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov pob zeb txhuam hniav raug coj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag sib pauv nrog qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam no tshem tawm cov chaw siab me me - tseem hu ua cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam - ntawm qhov chaw txiav ntawm lub pob zeb txhuam hniav thiab qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv tas mus li thiab ruaj khov, qhov chaw maj mam dhau los ua qhov sib xws dua, ua rau muaj qhov tiav zoo thiab du uas xav tau dav hauv kev siv tshuab precision.
Cov pob zeb honing, feem ntau hu ua cov pob zeb roj hauv kev lag luam, yog ua los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv abrasive nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua machining. Cov abrasives feem ntau siv suav nrog pob zeb diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN), fused alumina (aluminum oxide), thiab silicon carbide. Txhua yam khoom siv raug xaiv raws li qhov nyuaj ntawm cov workpiece, qhov tiav ntawm qhov chaw xav tau, thiab kev siv tshuab ntawm cov khoom siv uas tab tom ua. Superabrasives xws li pob zeb diamond thiab CBN feem ntau yog siv rau kev siv high-hardness lossis high-precision, thaum alumina thiab silicon carbide tseem siv dav rau kev ua tiav dav dav.
Cov txheej txheem honing muaj ntau yam zoo tseem ceeb. Nws muab kev ua haujlwm raug siab heev thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw tiav. Nws haum rau ntau yam khoom siv thiab geometries, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov cylindrical sab hauv. Cov txheej txheem kuj xav tau kev tso cai tshem tawm cov khoom me me piv rau lwm txoj kev sib tsoo, thiab nws muaj peev xwm kho qhov yuam kev geometry xws li taper, roundness deviation, thiab surface waviness. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau honing yog ib qho txheej txheem tiav tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom precision.
Kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis honing tau pib thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th hauv Tebchaws Meskas, qhov chaw uas cov tuam txhab xws li Barnes thiab Micromatic tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov thev naus laus zis tau raug siv sai sai hauv cov tebchaws muaj kev lag luam suav nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, United Kingdom, thiab Nyiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev siv lub tog raj kheej cav. Xyoo 1924, cov txheej txheem nthuav dav hydraulic rau cov pob zeb honing tau qhia, tso cai rau kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv ntau dua thiab txhim kho kev ywj pheej ntawm cov txheej txheem. Nyob ib puag ncig tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem ntsuas tsis siv neeg tau pib tshwm sim, cim qhov theem pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg hauv kev siv tshuab honing.
Xyoo 1938, muaj kev txhim kho ntxiv nrog kev tsim cov txheej txheem tswj kev pub mov siab dua, uas ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm zoo dua ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm pob zeb thiab kev them nyiaj rau kev hnav ntawm cov cuab yeej. Qhov no ua rau kev ua haujlwm sib xws thiab kev ua haujlwm raug dua. Xyoo 1952, cov txheej txheem nthuav dav hluav taws xob uas them nyiaj tag nrho tau qhia, uas sawv cev rau lwm kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg, kev raug siab dua, thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv kev ua haujlwm honing hauv kev lag luam.
Txawm hais tias muaj kev vam meej ntawm thev naus laus zis tas mus li, tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv honing hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb hauv ntau qhov chaw. Cov no suav nrog cov tshuab txias thiab lim dej, kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias, thiab kev tsim khoom siv siab. Cov yam no muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw, lub neej ntawm cov cuab yeej, thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab tseem yog cov chaw tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntxiv hauv kev lag luam.
Kev txhuam hniav yog siv dav hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam, suav nrog kev tsim tsheb, tsheb laij teb thiab maus taus, kev tsim kho nkoj thiab aerospace, cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, thiab kev tsim khoom siv tub rog. Cov ntawv thov ib txwm muaj xws li lub tog raj kheej cav, lub qhov ntxaiv thiab lub qhov kis tau zoo, lub qhov hydraulic thiab pneumatic lub tog raj kheej, lub thawv iav thiab lub cev muaj zog, lub cev twj tso kua mis, thiab txawm tias cov thoob uas tiv taus hnav tau zoo xws li cov thoob phom. Cov khoom no txhua yam xav tau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw.
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev tsim cov pob zeb honing tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nce qib thev naus laus zis. Kev siv cov pob zeb diamond thiab CBN abrasives ntau ntxiv tau ua rau kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua. Cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam qhia tau tias ntau dua 92% ntawm cov txheej txheem honing niaj hnub no vam khom pob zeb diamond lossis CBN-based superabrasive, uas qhia txog kev hloov pauv mus rau cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo.
Cov pob zeb honing superabrasive muaj ntau qhov zoo tseem ceeb, suav nrog lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua, tus nqi ua tiav qis dua, txo qhov khawb ntawm qhov chaw, txo qhov kub ntawm kev sib tsoo, thiab cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov dua thiab sib xws. Cov txiaj ntsig no ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov tsim khoom siab uas qhov sib xws thiab qhov tseeb yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Kev tsim cov pob zeb honing kuj txawv nyob ntawm seb lub kaw lus abrasive zoo li cas. Cov pob zeb superabrasive xws li pob zeb diamond thiab CBN feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem sintering txias lossis cov txheej txheem sintering kub. Kev nias txias sintering feem ntau siv cov pwm hlau nyob rau hauv qhov siab siab xws li 400 txog 500 MPa, ua rau lub neej pwm ntev thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv. Kev nias kub sintering, ntawm qhov tod tes, siv cov pwm graphite nyob rau hauv qhov siab qis dua ntawm kwv yees li 15 txog 20 MPa, nrog rau qhov kub sintering qis dua thiab kev khaws cia zoo dua ntawm lub zog abrasive, txawm hais tias kev siv pwm siab dua.
Cov pob zeb honing alumina thiab silicon carbide ib txwm muaj yog cov hom thawj zaug uas tau tsim thiab tseem siv dav niaj hnub no. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem abrasive ib leeg no muaj cov kev txwv hauv kev hloov pauv thiab kev ua tau zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj rau tshuab. Piv nrog cov cuab yeej superabrasive, lawv qhov yooj ywm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua hauv cov ntawv thov siab heev.
Kev xaiv cov pob zeb honing yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Rau cov taub hau honing ntab, qhov ntev ntawm pob zeb yuav tsum ua kom ruaj khov thiab kev taw qhia kom zoo hauv lub qhov. Rau cov taub hau honing semi-floating lossis rigid, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov qhov luv luv, kev coj tus kheej tsis tseem ceeb, tso cai rau cov pob zeb luv dua. Hauv kev ua haujlwm qhov muag tsis pom, qhov tseeb siab dua yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntsej muag kawg uas tuaj yeem ua rau pob zeb puas tsuaj. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, qhov ntev ntawm pob zeb feem ntau yog tsim los kom nyob ib puag ncig plaub npaug ntawm qhov dav ntawm qhov tsis ua haujlwm.
Ntxiv rau qhov ntev, tus lej thiab dav ntawm cov pob zeb honing yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li cov cuab yeej rigidity thiab cov txheej txheem ruaj khov. Hauv cov kev txwv mechanical uas tau txais, kev nce qhov dav ntawm pob zeb tuaj yeem txhim kho kev txiav zoo thiab qhov sib xws ntawm qhov chaw. Lwm yam tseem ceeb xaiv suav nrog cov khoom siv workpiece, lub qhov taub thiab qhov tob, qhov chaw tiav xav tau, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tshuab honing siv. Cov kev ntsuas no ua ke txiav txim siab tag nrho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem honing.