Koj puas tau pom tias kev luam ntawv 3D tau nrov zuj zus tuaj? Txij li thaum tsuas yog ua cov khoom ua si yas me me thiab cov qauv tsim ob peb xyoos dhau los, tam sim no nws muaj peev xwm luam cov tsev, cov hniav, thiab txawm tias cov kab mob tib neeg! Nws txoj kev loj hlob zoo li lub foob pob hluav taws.
Txawm hais tias nws nrov heev los, yog tias 3D luam ntawv xav ua tus thawj coj hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, nws tsis tuaj yeem cia siab rau "cov txiv pos nphuab mos mos" xws li yas thiab cov resins. Nws zoo rau kev ua cov khoom ua qauv qhia, tab sis thaum nws los txog rau kev ua cov khoom kub siab uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav, lossis cov khoom siv muaj zog, hnav-resistant precision, ntau cov ntaub ntawv tam sim ntawd tsis haum.
Nov yog qhov uas peb tus thawj coj ntawm tsab xov xwm hnub no los txog—alumina hmoov, feem ntau hu ua "corundum." Cov khoom no tsis yog ib yam khoom uas yooj yim rub, tab sis nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ruaj khov: kev tawv siab, kev tiv taus corrosion, kev tiv taus kub siab, thiab kev rwb thaiv tsev zoo heev. Hauv cov lag luam ib txwm muaj, nws twb yog ib qho khoom siv refractory, abrasives, ceramics, thiab lwm yam teb.
Yog li ntawd, lo lus nug yog, yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim thaum cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj, "ruaj khov" ntsib cov thev naus laus zis "kev tsim khoom ntse digital" tshiab? Cov lus teb yog: kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv ntsiag to tab tom pib.
1. Vim li cas alumina? Vim li cas nws thiaj ua rau pwm tawg?
Cia peb xub tham txog vim li cas 3D luam ntawv tsis tau nyiam cov khoom siv ceramic yav dhau los. Xav txog nws: cov yas lossis cov hmoov hlau yooj yim tswj thaum sintered lossis extruded siv lasers. Tab sis cov hmoov ceramic yog brittle thiab nyuaj rau yaj. Lasers sintering thiab tom qab ntawd tsim lawv muaj lub qhov rais txheej txheem nqaim heev, ua rau lawv yooj yim tawg thiab deformation, ua rau cov txiaj ntsig qis heev.
Yog li ntawd, alumina daws qhov teeb meem no li cas? Nws tsis yog vam khom kev siv zog ntau, tab sis yog vam khom "kev txawj ntse."
Qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov thev naus laus zis luam ntawv 3D thiab cov qauv khoom siv. Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no, xws li binder jetting thiab stereolithography, siv "curve approach."
Kev siv lub tshuab ua kom cov hmoov txhuas oxide yaj ncaj qha: Qhov no yog ib qho kev txav ntse heev. Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv laser yaj cov hmoov txhuas oxide ncaj qha, txoj kev no xub siv ib txheej nyias ntawm cov hmoov txhuas oxide. Tom qab ntawd, zoo li lub tshuab luam ntawv inkjet, lub taub hau luam ntawv txau ib txheej "kua nplaum" tshwj xeeb rau ntawm thaj chaw xav tau, khi cov hmoov ua ke. Kev siv cov hmoov thiab kua nplaum no ua rau muaj qhov pib, zoo li "lub cev ntsuab." Lub cev ntsuab no tseem tsis tau khov kho, yog li, zoo li cov khoom siv ceramics, nws dhau los ua "kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws" kawg hauv lub cub tawg kub siab - sintering. Tsuas yog tom qab sintering cov khoom me me thiaj li sib txuas ua ke, ua tiav cov khoom siv kho tshuab ze rau cov khoom siv ceramics ib txwm muaj.
Qhov no ua kom yooj yim zam dhau cov teeb meem ntawm kev yaj cov khoom ua los ntawm cov av nplaum ncaj qha. Nws zoo li ua ntej ua cov khoom siv los ntawm kev luam ntawv 3D, tom qab ntawd muab lub zog thiab lub zog rau nws siv cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj.
II. Qhov "kev tawg ua tiav" no qhia tau qhov twg tiag? Kev hais lus tsis muaj kev ua tsuas yog kev hais lus tsis muaj txiaj ntsig xwb.
Yog koj hu nws ua kev tawg ua tej daim me me, yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev txawj ntse tiag tiag, puas yog? Tseeb tiag, kev nce qib ntawm cov hmoov txhuas oxide hauv kev luam ntawv 3D tsis yog "los ntawm kos," tab sis tiag tiag "los ntawm qhov zoo mus rau qhov zoo heev," daws ntau qhov teeb meem uas tsis tau daws ua ntej.
Ua ntej, nws tshem tawm lub tswv yim ntawm "kev nyuaj" uas zoo ib yam li "kev kim." Ib txwm muaj, kev ua cov alumina ceramics, xws li cov nozzles lossis cov cua sov sib pauv nrog cov channel ntws sab hauv uas nyuaj, vam khom pwm tsim lossis machining, uas kim, siv sijhawm ntau, thiab ua rau qee cov qauv tsis yooj yim los tsim. Tab sis tam sim no, 3D luam ntawv tso cai rau kev tsim ncaj qha, "tsis muaj pwm" ntawm txhua qhov qauv nyuaj uas koj tuaj yeem tsim. Xav txog ib qho alumina ceramic Cheebtsam nrog lub biomimetic honeycomb qauv sab hauv, sib dua heev tab sis muaj zog heev. Hauv kev lag luam aerospace, qhov no yog "riam phom khawv koob" tiag tiag rau kev txo qhov hnyav thiab kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo.
Qhov thib ob, nws ua tiav "kev sib koom ua ke zoo meej ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab daim ntawv." Qee qhov chaw xav tau ob qho tib si geometries nyuaj thiab cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb xws li kev tiv taus kub siab, kev tiv taus hnav, thiab kev rwb thaiv tsev. Piv txwv li, cov caj npab ceramic bond siv hauv kev lag luam semiconductor yuav tsum yog lub teeb yuag, muaj peev xwm txav mus los ceev ceev, thiab tiv thaiv kev zoo li qub thiab hnav-resistant. Dab tsi yav dhau los xav tau ntau qhov chaw kom sib sau ua ke tam sim no tuaj yeem ncaj qha 3D-luam tawm los ntawm alumina ua ib qho, kev sib xyaw ua ke, txhim kho kev ntseeg tau thiab kev ua tau zoo.
Qhov thib peb, nws coj mus rau lub hnub nyoog kub ntawm kev hloov kho tus kheej. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev kho mob. Cov pob txha tib neeg sib txawv heev, thiab cov pob txha cuav yav dhau los muaj qhov loj me ruaj khov, yuam cov kws kho mob kom ua nrog lawv thaum lub sijhawm phais. Tam sim no, siv cov ntaub ntawv CT scan los ntawm tus neeg mob, nws muaj peev xwm ncaj qha luam tawm 3D lub qhov alumina ceramic implant uas phim tus neeg mob lub cev. Cov qauv porous no tsis yog tsuas yog lub teeb xwb tab sis kuj tso cai rau cov hlwb pob txha loj hlob mus rau hauv nws, ua tiav qhov tseeb "osseointegration" thiab ua rau lub implant ua ib feem ntawm lub cev. Hom kev kho mob tshwj xeeb no yav dhau los tsis tuaj yeem xav txog.
3. Yav tom ntej tau los txog lawm, tab sis muaj ntau yam teeb meem.
Tau kawg, peb tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog tham xwb. Kev siv hmoov alumina hauv 3D luam ntawv tseem zoo li "kev txawj ntse loj hlob," nrog rau lub peev xwm loj heev tab sis kuj muaj qee qhov teeb meem rau cov hluas.
Tus nqi tseem siab: Cov hmoov alumina spherical purity siab uas tsim nyog rau 3D printing yeej kim heev. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, cov khoom siv luam ntawv tshwj xeeb uas kim ntau lab daus las thiab kev siv zog ntawm cov txheej txheem sintering tom qab, thiab tus nqi ntawm kev luam tawm ib feem alumina tseem siab.
Cov teeb meem loj ntawm cov txheej txheem: Txij li kev npaj cov slurry thiab kev teeb tsa cov qauv luam ntawv mus rau kev tswj cov kab sintering tom qab ua tiav, txhua kauj ruam xav tau kev txawj ntse thiab kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem. Cov teeb meem xws li kev tawg, kev hloov pauv, thiab kev ntsws tsis sib luag tuaj yeem tshwm sim tau yooj yim.
Kev ua tau zoo sib xws: Kev ua kom cov cim qhia kev ua tau zoo sib xws xws li lub zog thiab qhov ceev ntawm txhua pawg ntawm cov khoom luam tawm yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov loj.