Kev Ua Tau Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Alumina Hmoov hauv Cov Khoom Siv Optical
Thaum nws los txog rau alumina, ntau tus neeg yuav xub xav txog cov khoom siv raw khoom dawb, tawv, zoo li tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb thiab qhov chaw siab ntawm optics. Zoo, ntseeg nws lossis tsis ntseeg, qhov ntawd yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Thaum koj nkag siab tag nrho thiab ua tus tswv nws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tiav qhov huv si thiab kev tswj hwm meej hauv daim ntawv hmoov, nws lub luag haujlwm hauv ntiaj teb optical yog qhov zoo kawg nkaus, ua rau nws yog "lub zog qis qis."
I. Los ntawm "Tus Neeg Nyuaj Siab" mus rau "Pom Tseeb": Kev Hloov Pauv Zoo Kawg Nkaus
Peb txhua tus paub tiasaluminamuaj lub npe nrov—corundum, nrog rau Mohs hardness ntawm 9, thib ob tsuas yog pob zeb diamond, ua rau nws yog ib qho "tawv tiag tiag." Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb muaj nqis xws li sapphire thiab ruby. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag, qhov kev nrhiav tseem ceeb tsis yog qhov nyuaj, tab sis "pom tseeb"—kev xa lub teeb zoo, kev dawb huv, thiab kev ruaj khov.
Qhov no yog qhov uas thev naus laus zis los rau hauv. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem npaj siab heev, xws li kev tswj hwm kev kub hnyiab ntawm cov txhuas ntshiab siab thiab cov txheej txheem hydrolysis tshwj xeeb, peb tuaj yeem tau txais ultrafine thiab ultra-uniformalumina hmoovnrog rau qhov huv si txog li 99.99% lossis txawm tias 99.999%. Tsis txhob saib tsis taus qhov kev txhim kho no hauv kev huv si; nws zoo li tig cov dej ntws uas tsaus ntuj mus rau hauv cov dej ntshiab ntawm roob, txo cov khoom tsis huv kom yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi. Siv cov hmoov ntshiab no ua cov khoom pib, tom qab molding thiab sintering, peb tuaj yeem npaj alumina ceramics nrog lub teeb ci ntsa iab zoo heev.
Cov khoom siv ceramic no tsis yog ib yam khoom uas tsis pom kev zoo li "ntxhib" lawm, tiam sis yog ib yam khoom uas pom tseeb los yog yuav luag pom tseeb li "txiv neej." Thaum lub teeb ci rau nws, nws zoo nkauj tso cai rau feem ntau lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab lub teeb infrared hla dhau, thaum tseem khaws lub zog siab, lub zog tawv, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab kev tiv thaiv kub siab ntawm alumina. Tus yam ntxwv "ob lub hom phiaj" no tau tso cai rau nws sai sai tsim nws tus kheej hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag.
II. Kev Siv Tau Qhia Txog Lub Zog Tseeb: Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb ntawm Ntau Qhov Chaw Tseem Ceeb
Kev tham lus pheej yig. Kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawmalumina hmoovhauv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sim hauv ntiaj teb tiag. Cia peb saib ob peb yam piv txwv los ntawm peb lub neej txhua hnub thiab kev lag luam los piav qhia qhov no.
1. Cov Teeb Sodium: Lub "Tawv Tiv Thaiv Pob Kaj" Uas Ci Ntuj Hmo Ntuj
Feem ntau ntawm cov teeb ci ntsa iab hauv nroog thaum hmo ntuj yog cov teeb sodium siab. Koj puas tau pom tias cov raj teeb ci tsis yog iav ib txwm, tab sis yog cov raj ceramic translucent? Alumina ceramic yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm no.
Vim li cas? Ua ntej, cov pa sodium muaj zog heev thaum kub thiab siab; cov iav ib txwm tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus nws thiab yuav "tuag" hauv ob peb hnub.Alumina ceramics, ntawm qhov tod tes, nws yog qhov tsis kam rau xeb, tseem ruaj khov thaum ntsib sodium vapor "kev sib tw." Qhov thib ob, nws yuav tsum ua haujlwm ruaj khov rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm qhov kub txog ntau txhiab degrees Celsius, qhov twg alumina qhov kub siab tiv taus tuaj yeem pab tau. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nws yuav tsum tso cai rau lub teeb pom kev hla dhau zoo thaum tib lub sijhawm tsis cuam tshuam nrog sodium vapor. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lub zog siab, kev tiv taus corrosion siab, kev tiv taus kub siab, thiab translucency - cov kev cai nruj no ua ke ua rau alumina ceramics yuav luag tsuas yog qhov kev xaiv ua tau. Hauv qab tag nrho cov no yog cov hmoov alumina purity siab uas tau xaiv thiab ua tib zoo npaj.
2. Cov Qhov Rai Infrared thiab Cov Rooj Sib Tham: Lub "Qhov Muag Ci" ntawm Cov Missiles thiab Cov Khoom Ntsuas
Hauv cov tub rog thiab aerospace, cov cuab yeej nrhiav foob pob hluav taws thiab cov tshuab nrhiav infrared ntawm cov tsheb khiav ceev ceev, siab, txhua yam xav tau lub tiv thaiv, lossis "qhov rai" lossis "fairing." Cov kev cai rau qhov no tseem siab dua: nws yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog muaj zog txaus los tiv taus kev yaig ntawm cov cua ceev ceev thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej nag thiab hmoov av, tab sis nws kuj yuav tsum xa cov teeb infrared hauv cov wavelengths tshwj xeeb, tso cai rau cov cuab yeej nrhiav sab hauv "pom" lub ntiaj teb sab nraud.
Qhov no yog qhov uas cov alumina ceramics pob tshab lossis pob tshab dua ib zaug ntxiv sawv tawm. Nws qhov nyuaj yog txaus los tiv taus kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav, thiab nws cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev xa xov infrared zoo heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab deb infrared bands. Xav txog lub foob pob ya hla lub ntuj hmo ntuj loj heev. Nws "lub qhov muag" yog lub fairing ua los ntawm alumina ceramic, tiv thaiv lub kaw lus optical sab hauv thiab coj lub foob pob mus rau nws lub hom phiaj kom raug. Lub luag haujlwm hnyav no yog dhau ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj.
3. Cov Khoom Siv thiab Cov Khoom Siv Zoo Tshaj Plaws: Lub "Theem Khoom Ruaj Khoov" ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Integrated Circuit Optical
Nrog kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, cov khoom siv xws li LEDs, lasers, thiab optical sensors feem ntau xav tau ib lub "theem" ruaj khov, tiaj tus, rwb thaiv tsev, thiab thermally conductive kom ua haujlwm. Alumina ceramic substrates yog qhov "theem" zoo tagnrho no.
Ib yam li ntawd, qhov zoo ntawm "theem" no ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm nws cov "cib" - qhovalumina hmoov. Cov hmoov ntshiab siab ua rau muaj qhov chaw du, zoo li daim iav ntawm lub substrate sintered, txo qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib txuas; cov hmoov zoo sib xws thiab cov hmoov me me ua kom muaj cov qauv sintered ntom ntom, tsis muaj qhov hws thiab lwm yam tsis zoo, ua rau muaj kev rwb thaiv hluav taws xob zoo heev thiab kev ua kom sov tau zoo. Cov circuitry nyuaj ntawm peb lub xov tooj ntawm tes yuav tshuav nws lub neej rau alumina ceramic substrates, txawm hais tias lawv tseem zais ntawm qhov pom. III. Vim li cas nws? Cia peb tham txog nws "Kev vam meej" Intrinsic
Tom qab peb tham txog ntau yam kev siv, cia peb rov qab mus saib seb vim li cas alumina hmoov thiaj li zoo heev. Thaum kawg, nws yog vim nws cov khoom zoo heev, uas ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag:
Kev Ua Haujlwm Pom Kev Uas Tswj Tau: Los ntawm kev tswj cov hmoov kom huv, qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me, thiab cov txheej txheem sintering, qhov kev xa tawm thiab qhov ntsuas refractive ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic kawg hauv cov kab ultraviolet, pom, thiab infrared tuaj yeem tswj tau meej.
Lub Zog Kho Tshuab Zoo Kawg Nkaus: Kev tawv siab, lub zog siab, thiab kev tawv siab ua rau nws ruaj khov thiab muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev.
Cov Khoom Siv Tshuaj Lom Zem: Ruaj khov heev, nws tsis yooj yim cuam tshuam nrog cov kua qaub, alkalis, ntsev, thiab feem ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg, thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau yam chaw ib puag ncig hnyav.
Kev Ruaj Ntseg Thermal Zoo Kawg Nkaus: Nrog lub ntsiab lus yaj siab tshaj 2050 ℃ thiab cov coefficient qis ntawm kev nthuav dav thermal, nws cov duab thiab qhov loj me yuav luag tsis hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub siab, thiab nws kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv thermal zoo (piv txwv li, nws tsis ntshai kev hloov pauv kub tam sim ntawd).
Ib tug yeej ntawm kev rwb thaiv hluav taws xob: Nws lub siab resistivity ua rau nws yog ib qho insulator zoo heev, tseem ceeb heev hauv optoelectronic integrated systems.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke no ua rau nws zoo li tsim tshwj xeeb rau ntau daim ntawv thov kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb. Ntxiv mus, piv rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag xws li sapphire ib leeg siv lead ua, kev npaj cov khoom siv pob tshab los ntawm hmoov muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev ywj pheej hauv kev tswj tus nqi thiab kev tsim cov duab nyuaj thiab cov khoom loj. Yog li, tsis txhob saib tsis taus hmoov alumina ntxiv lawm!