Lub Khawv Koob ntawm Hmoov Aluminium Oxide: Yuav Ua Li Cas Nws Hloov Cov Khoom Siv
Tej zaum koj yuav xav tias lo lus "txhuas oxide"suab zoo li kev kawm thiab tsis zoo li lub neej txhua hnub. Tab sis cia kuv hais txog ib yam dab tsi uas koj yuav tsum paub - ntawv xuab zeb. Yog lawm, daim ntawv ntxhib ntawd hauv koj lub thawv cuab yeej siv rau kev ua kom cov ntoo lossis cov npoo hlau du. Koj puas tau xav tsis thoob tias vim li cas daim ntawv ntawd muaj peev xwm ua kom cov chaw tawv du? Qhov zais cia feem ntau nyob hauv cov khoom me me ntawm nws qhov chaw, thiab feem ntau, lub hnub qub ntawm cov khoom me me ntawd yog hmoov txhuas oxide.
Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, nws zoo li tsuas yog hmoov dawb xwb—muab ib txhais tes los ntawm koj cov ntiv tes, thiab nws zoo li hmoov nplej. Tab sis tsis txhob saib tsis taus nws. Rau peb cov kws tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom no tsuas yog hmoov khawv koob uas muaj peev xwm hloov pob zeb mus ua kub. Niaj hnub no, kuv yuav piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas hmoov txhuas oxide ua haujlwm nws lub khawv koob, maj mam hloov pauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob ib puag ncig peb.
I. Qhov Chaw Uas Nws Muaj Khawv Koob: Lub Hauv Paus Ruaj Khoov Thiab Muaj Ntau Yam
Lub khawv koob ntawmalumina hmoovthawj zaug los ntawm nws qhov nyuaj zoo kawg nkaus. Nws daim ntawv tiag tiag yog txhuas trioxide, uas tuav qhov chaw cuaj ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av, tsuas yog dhau los ntawm pob zeb diamond thiab ob peb yam khoom 'superhard'. Xav txog qhov no: ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv, hlau, tooj liab, thiab txhuas - uas tsis mos dua nws? Qhov no txhais tau tias thaum ntsib nrog feem ntau cov hlau, ceramics, lossis txawm tias polymers, nws ua haujlwm zoo li 'tus txiv neej tawv', tuav 'kev tswj hwm' kiag li.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog nws qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws. Qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb tiag tiag yog peb lub peev xwm los tsim tus 'txiv neej tawv ncauj' no los ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem mus rau ntau yam duab thiab qhov loj me - los ntawm tus "tub rog" tawv ncauj mus rau tus "kws kos duab" zoo nkauj, nws ua tau zoo hauv txhua lub luag haujlwm.
Raws li 'Tub Rog': Hauv kev siv xuab zeb thiab kev sib tsoo,hmoov txhuas oxideraug tsim ua cov khoom me me uas muaj ntug ntse. Thaum muaj kev kub siab, cov khoom me me no yuav ntaus zoo li ib pab tub rog tawm tsam cov nto ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev txiav thiab kev cuam tshuam me me, lawv tshem tawm cov av qias neeg thiab burrs, lossis tsim cov khoom siv zoo meej rau cov txheej tom ntej. Kuv feem ntau qhia kuv cov tub ntxhais kawm: 'Saib seb nws qhov kev tawm tsam ntxuav cov khoom "ntsej muag" thiab qhia nws cov "pob txha" li cas?'
Thaum ua tus "kws kos duab": Thaum zom ua hmoov me me lossis txawm tias nanometer, nws lub luag haujlwm hloov pauv. Tam sim no, nws tsis "rhuav tshem" lawm tab sis "tsim kho". Muab tso rau hauv cov yas, roj hmab, lossis ceramics, nws ua rau muaj zog, tiv taus kev hnav, thiab tiv taus cua sov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no. Zoo li ntxiv cov hlau txhawb rau cov cement, nws tam sim ntawd muab cov khoom uas ib zaug mos lossis tawg nrog kev ua kom zoo.
II. Lub Khawv Koob Qhib: Pom Nws Txoj Haujlwm Hauv Kev Ua Haujlwm
Kev hais lus pheej yig; cia kuv qhia ob peb yam piv txwv uas kuv tau pom los ntawm kuv tus kheej.
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kawm Ib: Yas Ua Rau Ruaj Khoov
Ib tug ntawm peb cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb hauv cov iav siab heev. Yav dhau los, lawv siv cov yas engineering txheem, uas tau ua pov thawj tsis txaus hauv kev tiv thaiv kev hnav - qhia txog kev hnav tseem ceeb hauv ob peb lub hlis thiab tsim suab nrov heev. Lawv cov engineers tau sim ntau yam kev daws teeb meem, txhua yam nrog cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo. Tom qab ntawd peb tau hais kom sib xyaw ua ke ib feem tshwj xeeb ntawm micron-qibhmoov txhuas oxiderau hauv lawv cov khoom siv raw. Qhov cuam tshuam tau tam sim ntawd! Cov iav uas tshwm sim tau pom tias muaj ntau npaug ntawm kev siv lub neej thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua thiab ntsiag to dua. Vim li cas? Vim tias cov khoom me me uas tsis pom ntawm cov yas tau tsim ib lub network txhawb nqa zoo heev. Thaum cov iav sib txuas thiab sib txhuam, nws yog cov khoom me me uas tawv aluminium oxide uas ris lub zog sib txhuam tseem ceeb, tiv thaiv cov yas nws tus kheej. Nws zoo ib yam li tso ib txheej ntawm cov pob zeb tawv rau saum txoj kev av mos - lub peev xwm thauj khoom hloov pauv tam sim ntawd.
Rooj Plaub Thib Ob: Ua kom cov txheej txheej "Tsis Rhuav Tshem"
Xav txog cov ntoo zoo nkauj lossis cov txheej hauv pem teb kev lag luam - vim li cas lawv thiaj li tiv taus kev hnav thiab khawb? Feem ntau, qhov zais cia yog hmoov txhuas oxide. Thaum ntxiv rau cov xim pleev pob tshab, nws tseem dawb tab sis, thaum sib tsoo zoo txaus, muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsawg kawg nkaus rau xim thaum ua kom cov txheej tawv thiab tiv taus khawb. Txawm hais tias tus yuam sij yuav tawm qhov khawb tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xim ib txwm muaj, ntawm cov nplaim txhuas oxide nws tsuas yog tsim cov cim me me, yooj yim tshem tawm. Cov nyhuv no zoo ib yam li kev muab ntau 'microscopic shields' tso rau hauv cov txheej.
Kev Kawm Txog Qhov Thib Peb: Tsim 'Cov Chaw Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws'
Aluminium oxide nws tus kheej yog qhov tiv taus kub heev, nrog rau qhov chaw yaj tshaj 2,000 degrees Celsius. Siv cov yam ntxwv no, nws tuaj yeem tsim ua cov qauv zoo li daim txhuam cev lossis cov qauv fibrous, tsim cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev kub siab tshaj plaws. Cov vuas tiv thaiv cua sov ntawm lub dav hlau thiab cov ntaub pua plag kub siab txhua yam vam khom nws. Nws ua haujlwm ua ib qho thaiv, thaiv cov cua sov txaus ntshai kom tiv thaiv cov khoom siv sab hauv lossis cov qauv. Qhov no sawv cev rau qhov kawg ntawm nws tus cwj pwm 'tawv tawv' thiab kev tiv taus kub.
III. Tus Nqi ntawm Kev Ua Khawv Koob thiab Kev Ua Kom Me Nyuam
Ntawm chav kawm, khawv koob yuav tsum tsis txhob siv tsis saib xyuas; nws xav tau qhov sib npaug. Ntau dua tsis zoo dua tas li. Xav txog qhov no: ntxiv cov hmoov alumina ntau dhau rau roj hmab yuav ua rau nws tawv thiab ua rau nws tsis yooj yim hnav, tab sis nws yuav txo qhov elasticity thiab kev ywj pheej, ua rau nws tawg yooj yim, zoo li cib uas yooj yim tawg. Qhov ntawd yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev ua ntau dhau.
Yog li ntawd, peb cov kws tshawb fawb siv peb lub sijhawm los kho cov 'formulations' thiab 'txheej txheem' no. Qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me yuav tsum yog dab tsi?alumina hmoovua li cas? Qhov piv ntawm qhov ntxiv zoo tshaj plaws yog dab tsi? Peb yuav ua li cas kom nws tawg thoob plaws hauv cov khoom siv es tsis txhob sib sau ua ke? Kev tshawb fawb tom qab qhov no yog qhov tob heev, xav tau kev sim ntau yam thiab kev paub dhau los. Qee zaum, tsuas yog ib feem pua ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom kawg.
Yog li koj pom, cov hmoov dawb no zoo li qub muaj lub hwj chim zoo kawg nkaus. Zoo li tus neeg ua haujlwm ntau yam, los ntawm ntau txoj kev thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke, nws tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom siv niaj hnub uas peb tsis paub. Txij li cov xim pleev hauv pem teb hauv qab peb txhais taw mus rau cov khoom siv dav hlau ya saum ntuj, nws muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw.
Nws ua rau peb nco ntsoov tias lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov khoom siv tsis paub txoj cai ruaj khov. Los ntawm kev ntxiv thiab sib xyaw ua ke ntse, qhov tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog, qhov mos tuaj yeem tawv, thiab qhov ib txwm tuaj yeem hloov mus ua qhov zoo kawg nkaus. Qhov no yog khawv koob ntawm hmoov txhuas oxide, thiab lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ua rau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb ntxim nyiam heev. Lub sijhawm tom ntej koj siv daim ntawv xuab zeb lossis kov lub vaj huam sib luag nrog cov qauv zoo kawg nkaus, koj yuav luag ntxhi rau koj tus kheej, nco ntsoov tias hauv nws, ntau lub me me txhuas oxide sprites yuav ua haujlwm ntsiag to.