Cov Kev Zoo Tshwj Xeeb ntawm Dawb Corundum hauv Kev Txhuam Hniav Nyiaj Hniav Kub
Cov kws ua tes ua taw hauv kev lag luam hniav nyiaj hniav kub muaj ib zaj lus hais tias: "Peb feem khoom siv, xya feem kev ua tes ua taw." Cov pob zeb zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov hlau muaj nqis uas tsim tau zoo heev raug hloov mus ua ib daim duab kos duab zoo nkauj hauv lub thawv tso saib, thiab cov kauj ruam kawg ntawm kev txhuam yog qhov "kov tiav." Qhov "kov tiav" no xav tau kev txawj ntse heev. Cov cuab yeej siv thiab qhov ntau ntawm lub zog siv tag nrho nyob ntawm tus kws ua tes ua taw lub peev xwm. Thiab thaum nws los txog rau cov ntaub ntawv txhuam, muaj ib qho zais cia hauv kev lag luam - corundum dawb. Tsis zoo li hmoov pob zeb diamond, uas yog qhov khav theeb thiab muaj nqis, lossis qee yam tshuaj lom neeg, uas raug zais cia, nws zoo li "tus phooj ywg qub" ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha, vam khom nws cov txuj ci khov kho thiab kev saib xyuas kom meej kom tuav nws qhov chaw hauv lub ntiaj teb zais cia ntawm kev txhuam hniav hniav kub.
Cov khoom no, nrog nws lub npe nrov hauv kev lag luam, "white corundum," yuav zoo li ib yam dab tsi siv hauv lub Hoobkas los ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau loj. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov tseeb kiag li. Yog tias koj txhuam nws ntawm koj cov ntiv tes, qhov kev ua kom zoo nkauj zoo heevdawb corundum micro-hmoov zoo li hmoov zoo tshaj plaws, nrog rau qhov txias, zoo li porcelain. Nws daim ntawv tiag tiag yog alumina siv lead ua ntshiab heev, tau los ntawm kev yaj kub siab, kev sib tsoo zoo, thiab kev ntsuas qib. Nws muaj qhov nyuaj siab, thib ob tsuas yog pob zeb diamond thiab silicon carbide, tab sis nws tus cwj pwm yog qhov mos dua thiab tswj tau ntau dua li ob "pob txha tawv." Nws yog qhov "nyuaj tab sis tsis hnyav" uas ua rau nws yog "txhua yam" rau kev tuav ntau yam khoom siv hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
Vim li cas nws thiaj suav tias yog "txhua yam uas muaj txhua yam"? Cia peb muab nws piav qhia ua ntu zus.
Ua ntej, nws "paub" cov ntaub ntawv, lossis theej, nws "paub cov ntaub ntawv." Hauv kev lag luam hniav nyiaj hniav kub, cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau yam tsis kawg: cov ntaub ntawv siab-hardness xws li sapphire thiab ruby, cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab-hardness xws li jadeite thiab nephrite, thiab ntau hom karat kub, platinum, thiab nyiaj. Koj tsis tuaj yeem siv ib "kaum" los ntsuas txhua yam. Qhov zoo ntawm dawb fused alumina yog nyob rau hauv nws lub peev xwm los pab rau ntau yam ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev kho qhov zoo ntawm nws cov khoom me me (hu ua "mesh"). Cov khoom me me (piv txwv li, 600 txog 1000 mesh) yog siv rau thawj zaug "polishing," sai sai tshem tawm cov cim loj thiab cov npoo ntse tshuav tom qab txiav - ib qho txheej txheem hu ua "smoothing." Hauv cov theem tom qab, txawm tias cov hmoov zoo dua kuj siv, xws li 2000, 3000, lossis txawm tias kaum tawm txhiab tus mesh. Txog rau lub sijhawm no, nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tsis yog txiav lawm, tab sis, los ntawm kev sib txhuam ntawm ntau yam khoom me me, nws maj mam "irons tawm" txawm tias cov khawb me me ntawm qhov chaw, ua rau muaj qhov ci ntsa iab (matte) lossis zoo li daim iav. Dawb fused alumina tuaj yeem ua tiav tag nrho kev hloov pauv los ntawm "ntxhib" mus rau "refined," nrog kev hloov pauv du, kev hloov pauv khoom tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab yooj yim siv rau cov kws txawj ua haujlwm paub dhau los.
Qhov thib ob, nws yog "huv." Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Dab tsi yog qhov kev ntshai tshaj plaws hauv kev txhuam hniav hniav? Kev ua qias tuaj thiab "kev ntshav xim." Qee cov khoom siv txhuam hniav yog xim tsaus lossis muaj cov khoom tsis huv. Thaum lub sijhawm txhuam hniav ceev ceev, qhov kub siab tuaj yeem yooj yim "tso" cov xim lossis cov av rau hauv cov kab nrib pleb me me ntawm lub pob zeb diamond lossis cov qauv ntawm cov hlau, ua rau txoj haujlwm puas tsuaj - ib qho txheej txheem hu ua "noj av."Dawb fused alumina, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog xim dawb thiab ruaj khov heev hauv tshuaj lom neeg, tsis yooj yim hloov pauv txawm tias kub heev. Thaum siv rau kev txhuam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev txhuam cov hlau dawb (platinum, kub dawb, nyiaj) lossis cov pob zeb tsis muaj xim lossis xim dawb (pob zeb diamond, siv lead ua, sapphires xim dawb), nws tsim cov xim dawb "txias," tiag tiag yam tsis ntxiv cov khoom tsis huv, khaws cov khoom siv cov xim ntshiab tshaj plaws thiab hluav taws. Qhov "kev dawb huv" no yog tus qauv kub hauv kev lag luam hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
Ntxiv mus, nws yog "mos thiab tswj tau." Kev txhuam tsis yog hais txog kev siv zog ntau, tab sis hais txog kev txawj; nws yog hais txog kev siv lub zog kom zoo yam tsis ua rau cov khoom puas tsuaj. Cov khoom me me ntawmdawb fused alumina, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hmoov zoo-mesh, muaj cov duab zoo sib xws (txawm hais tias tawg, lawv tau raug qib) thiab cov npoo sib xws. Thaum siv nrog cov tshuaj txhuam polishing (roj) tsim nyog rau ntawm lub log polishing lossis daim ntaub, nws tsim cov txheej txheem sib xws thiab ruaj khov "micro-cutting." Lub siab siv los ntawm tus kws txawj ua haujlwm tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm qhov nruab nrab no. Qhov ci ntsa iab yog "nyob," qhov ci ntsa iab, ci ntsa iab uas ci los ntawm sab hauv, es tsis yog qhov ci ntsa iab, dag. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tuav cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub lossis carvings uas nkhaus, engraved, lossis finely textured, qhov zoo nkauj ntawm cov agate dawb fused qhia txog kev txawj ntse. Nws nkag mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus me tshaj plaws, coj lub teeb rau txhua lub ces kaum, es tsis txhob ua kom cov ntsiab lus du.
Tau kawg, txawm tias cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws nyob ntawm tus neeg siv. Cov kws txawj ua haujlwm kho cov agate dawb fused zoo li tus phooj ywg qub. Cov hmoov sib txawv sib xyaw nrog cov roj sib txawv, thiab qhov sib xws raug txiav txim siab zoo; cov khoom siv thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm lub log polishing, qhov ceev ntawm kev tig, lub siab thiab kev txav ntawm tes, thiab txawm tias qhov kev nyob twj ywm ntawm tus kws txawj ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm polishing txhua yam cuam tshuam rau qhov ci ntsa iab kawg. Lawv feem ntau hais tias, "Agate dawb fused yog ntsiag to, tab sis nws lub teeb hais ntau yam." Kho nws nrog kev saib xyuas, thiab nws yuav "hais lus" nws qhov ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws, pob tshab, thiab kav ntev ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
Yog li ntawd, thaum koj raug ntxias los ntawm qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm ib daim hniav nyiaj hniav kub hauv lub thawv tso saib, qhov ci ntsa iab ntawd yuav tau dhau ntau txoj kev ua, txij li xuab zeb ntxhib mus rau hmoov zoo. Thiab nyob rau hauv kauj ruam kawg ntawm kev muab nws qhov kev ntsia tob thiab ci ntsa iab, dawb fused agate - cov khoom siv "mos mos tab sis muaj zog" - yuav ua lub luag haujlwm ntsiag to tab sis tseem ceeb. Nws tsis muaj qhov ntse heev ntawm cov hmoov pob zeb diamond, tab sis muaj kev siab dawb thiab kev koom ua ke ntau dua; nws tsis nrhiav kev ci ntsa iab tam sim ntawd, tab sis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev maj mam tsim lub ci ntsa iab ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej.
Zoo li ib tug kws ua tes ua taw uas nkag siab tob txog kev kos duab ntawm "slow simmering," siv kev ua siab ntev thiab kev dawb huv los txhuam txhua daim hniav nyiaj hniav kub kom pom nws lub teeb ci ntsa iab, kawg, thiab txav mus los tshaj plaws. Lub teeb no tsis ci ntsa iab, tab sis nws kov lub siab. Tej zaum qhov no yog qhov sov ntawm kev ua tes ua taw, maj mam ntws ntawm cov hmoov zoo thiab lub log tig.